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Valentin'e Day for Love

Professor Nanxi Cao - 2/10/2012

By miles..
You are far from me!
By thoughts..
You are close to me!
By hearts..
You are in me!

Written by Jothi, www.123.greetingcards.com

The above poem speaks of not just romantic love, but of all forms of love in the world. Valentine’s Day is a celebration of love, for one’s lover, one’s spouse, one’s family, one’s friends, for those in need of the healing touch of love, for one’s fellow man, and for the universe in such turmoil today. Love comes in all different sizes, purpose, and need. We all need love in our lives. Love keeps us alive, giving us all a purpose and reason to carry on despite the tragedies and also in the good times that we experience in our lifetimes. Love gives hope to the world. This is why we celebrate Valentine’s Day on February 14th, in most countries of the world.

It is interesting to not forget that the celebration begins on February 7th and culminates on February 14th. Each day has a different theme. February 7th is Rose Day, February 8th is Proposal Day, February 9th is Chocolate Day, February 10th is Teddy Bear Day, February 11th is Promise Day, February 12th is Kissing Day, February 13th is Hugging Day, and finally, on February 14th, we have Valentine’s Day.

There are some important guidelines to remember here. Many people propose to their sweethearts on Valentine’s Day. Taking into account that this is a very emotional, romantic day, one should think carefully and not do this then, this being a lifelong commitment. People get caught up in the atmosphere of love and the moment. The proposal should be carefully considered before doing this, not on a momentary whim. At the same time, outright refusals of proposals for marriage are to be avoided, asking time to think it over instead. Often, such proposals fall through later for many reasons, ruining the holiday and spirit of the celebration for the one proposing for a very long time to come. This is also a good reason to perhaps avoid getting married on St. Valentine’s Day as well. One never knows what the future holds for us.

History of Valentine’s Day

St. Valentine’s Day is actually a Catholic Church celebration that commemorates St. Valentine, a saint recognized by the Catholic Church for his martyrdom during his lifetime and ultimate death on February14, 270 AD.

St. Valentine was a brave priest who spoke out against Emperor Claudius II of the Roman Empire, which did not allow the young soldiers to marry, believing that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families. Valentine realized how unjust this was to deny these men the support and love of family. He defied the Emperor, continuing to perform marriage ceremonies for these young men in secret. When he was discovered performing uniting these couples in matrimony, he was arrested, pled his case in front of the Emperor, stating his reasons for doing this. His vocal defiance infuriated Emperor Claudius, ordering him to be put to death. St. Valentine was a martyr and courageous priest who died defending the right of these brave young men to connect with a kindred spirit, who would give them solace, a reason to fight for their Emperor, and to return later to their homes and places of safety, love, and family. We honor him on this day for his courage in his belief of love for his people and the united joyous spirit of a holy, sanctified marriage.

The Holy Catholic Church still holds a high Mass for St. Valentine today. However, the religious meaning of this celebration has been almos tforgotten by most, almost abandoned, leaving us with the romantic nature of St. Valentine’s Day today, also changing the name to Valentine’s Day, to make it sound less religious in nature.

Celebration in North America

United States

Saint Valentine’s Day is one of the most popular holidays celebrated in the United States of America, although not a public holiday, with stores, banks, public utilities, schools, and the restaurants, etc. all open as normal. It is a day for people to express their affection and appreciation for their lovers, spouses, and family members, as well as to teachers or other people special in their lives. If the holiday falls on a weekday, festivities are normally held also on the weekend so that people can further the festivities offered. It is the holiday of love. It is also a time for over spending and commercialism.

The British settlers brought the culture of Saint Valentine with them when they immigrated to the New World in the 19th Century, continuing to celebrate in the same way as in England. It is to the credit of Esther Howland that Valentine’s Day came to be so well known and celebrated. She enjoyed the custom of exchanging the homemade greeting cards as much as any other woman. However, her father owned a printing factory; and she wondered if these cards could be designed and mass printed for ease of continuing the sending of valentines, but making it simpler to pick and choose valentine cards, then sending them. In 1847, she mass-produced the first commercial Valentine card in the United States. People loved them, and the practice of purchasing commercially-printed cards, instead of taking the time to make homemade ones, took off. It also brought further attention to the celebrating of Saint Valentine’s Day, making it into the huge celebration of love and joy it is today.

The origin of this festival is to commemorate Valentin, a dedicated priest of Rome for his martyrdom in continuing to practice his faith and to serve his followers in Christianity. He was executed on February 14th, and is venerated by the Catholic Church with Mass that day. However, romance did not enter into this holiday until later, bringing in the notions of the Pagan ancestors who saw this as a joyous time to pray for fertility. Today, we celebrate a combination of these two factors, the former being more recognized now as a reason for celebration.

Until the 20th Century, the only custom was a day of declaration for one who loves another, presenting her with a card and spending time with her. The notion of presenting one’s love with chocolates and other gifts became popular then. Time passes; roses and more items came to be included in this list. In the 1980, the jewelry industry began to promote the sale of fine jewelry, diamonds, and engagement rings on the Day of Love, St. Valentine’s Day. This phenomenon has continued; and now stores are decorated and stocked with plush animals, especially Valentine teddy bears, snacks, gifts, gift cards, and many other things to increase their profits and the popularity of the holiday.

St. Valentine’s Day choose not to honor this day for a variety of reasons. Some people feel that it is too commercial. Others feel that they can express their love anytime, it meaning more. Others, who are alone, due to being single, divorced, or widowed, may have great difficulties coping with the merriment of those who have what they do not and either remember so poignantly or desire. These people celebrate “Singles Awareness Day” on the same day to take the sting out of being as such.

This is a time of great festivities for all who celebrate this occasion. Lovers will present their significant others with cards, flowers, chocolates, perhaps jewelry or something else. Families may have a special dinner and present the family members with small gifts and enjoy being together in an atmosphere of love and caring. Children often have parties in their schools and prepare special gifts for their parents or others in their lives, as well as to receive the cards from the other classmates and to play games. Teens and adults will give gifts and perhaps take their partner out for a special dinner. Groups of friends gather to celebrate their friendship. The customs vary, but the idea is still the same-sharing of love for other people and appreciation for their being in their lives.


Canada

Valentine’s Day, celebrated on February 14th in Canada, is a very romantic affair. It is definitely a high romantic time for couples; but also for men, who are perhaps too shy or unsure, to have the opportunity to tell someone of their interest in them. It is also a time for families and friends to express their love for each other in a special way.

It the occasion falls on a weekday, this is not a public holiday. Celebrations will take place on the weekend before, with another reminder on the actual day. Public schools, businesses, and shops remain open as normal. There is no extra service needed on pubic transport either, as this is a normal day for most until after work.

This holiday is a time of balls, parties, and other social events organized in honor of the occasion. These affairs often involve elaborate planning, some being very formal, and some more casual, each having their own particular customs.

Children have classroom parties, where they exchange cards that each child has made him or herself for each member of the class, as well as receiving treats or small gifts. These children often participate in performances with the theme of love for the parents and family to attend. Special dances will be organized by the schools or other organizations for the older children.

Gift giving is a regular practice during this time. Students will make beautiful valentine cards for their teachers, parents, and other relatives. Adults will also send cards, either handmade or commercial, to lovers and family members at this time. Besides the cards, there are many other gifts given, some quite lavish. These include: red roses, chocolates or candy, teddy bears, toy hearts, sparkling wine, or carbonated fruit juices for those who do not indulge in alcoholic beverages, cosmetics, such as perfumes, clothing, including lingerie, and of course, jewelry, especially such including heart-shaped pendants. These gifts may also include romantic candlelight dinners either at home or in a restaurant, a night being included in a luxury hotel, or a weekend at a meaningful place. The range of gifts are plentiful, and depending on one’s means, there is something there for anyone to purchase or to make.

United Kingdom (UK)

Valentine’s Day in the UK is not noted for its elaborate, intricate celebrations, but definitely a day for the celebration of love regardless. Historically, it has been the Feast Day of Saint Valentine, a Christian martyr. The holiday also has origins in pagan festivals and natural occurrences in nature. The holiday is also named “Birds Wedding Day” because people during the Middle Ages noticed that birds began pairing off around February 14th. The Church incorporated some of the pagan aspects of the day to draw more people to the Church and Christianity.

Nonetheless, Valentine’s Day today is a joyous time for the celebration of love, especially for lovers, family members, and friends. Women in the UK take this holiday time very seriously, whereas many men are almost immune to the romantic aspect of the celebration. People exchange romantic greeting cards, in particular.. The first valentine was sent to a spouse in France by a captured duke during the 14th and 15th Centuries. These cards are much prized and valued by lovers still today. There are cards now for all sorts of relationships that are most produced. Other gifts may include chocolates, flowers, and other gifts, some very lavish. However, it is much preferred to receive a hand-crafted valentine, flowers, and jewelry today, especially for women.

Many types of get-togethers are held by families or young people. They gather to enjoy a meal together to commemorate the love of family or friendship. Lovers will take their beloveds to have a candlelight dinner or perhaps on a in a romantic spot. Groups of people hold parties and enjoy the fellowship of being together.

There are different customary beliefs about Saint Valentine’s Day. They include:
--The first man that an unmarried woman sees on February 14th is supposed to be her future husband, or at least look like or be like him.
--If a girl writes all the names of her potential suitors on slips of paper, wrapping them in clay balls and dropping them into water, the clay ball that rises to the top first will contain the name of her future husband.
--Birds traditionally choose their mates on this day, which is the beginning of spring, the “Birds Wedding Day.”
--If a young woman sees a robin flying overhead on February 14th, then it is said that she will marry a sailor. If she sees a sparrow, then she will marry a poor man; but she will live a happy life. In the case of a goldfinch, then she will marry a rich man.
--Names were drawn from bowls to learn who their sweethearts were during the Middle Ages. The name of the person was tagged and worn in the sleeve of the drawer for the following entire week to see if this was true.
--In Wales, a gift of a wooden spoon with hand-crafted decoration and design was given to one’s beloved. The designs may include hearts or keyholes and keys. The keys and keyholes were meant to represent the phrase “You unlock my heart!”

These customs are indeed folklore, but they are continued today as a superstition. It makes the day interesting.

Celebrations in Europe

Austria

Austria is known as a “Lovers’ Paradise” due to the abundant magnificent, romantic landscapes of hilly slopes and beautiful terrain of the Alps Mountains. It is therefore celebrated joyfully throughout Austria with the exchange of cards, flowers, chocolates and other meaningful special items. It is a time not only for lovers, but also to show appreciation and care between family members, friends, and people one knows. It is celebrated on February 14th each year and is named in honor of the Christian saint and martyr, Saint Valentine.

On Valentines Day, it is an old tradition for men in the country to buy flowers for the women they love, particularly wives or girlfriends. This is not as simple as it sounds. They must pay attention to details about the flowers. Most women are very particular about the flower they love best. The man must find out the color flower she loves and what fragrance she prefers, as well as the type of flower to choose. These women are very happy indeed to have received flowers that are exactly what they love best, knowing that it is not just randomly purchased at the flower shop. The man may also include a card or chocolates with the flowers, making even a greater impression on the woman.

Sending flowers has become very popular in Austria, but there are also new ways to achieve the same effect, although never the same. Couples may exchange SMS messages, romantic e-mails, or send each other virtual e-mail cards as well. The media has greatly promoted this celebration as well.

Australia

During the mid-19th Century, there was a Gold Rush in the mines of Victoria, Australia, leading to a substantial growth in population and wealth amongst her people. Valentine’s Day, celebrated on February 14th, became very popular. It became traditional for the men to send very elaborate cards expressing their feeling to the women they love. They sometimes included very special boxes to house this special valentine card, meant to be kept forever. They also gave their beloveds such things as: satin pillows with elaborate decorations, stuffed exotic birds or humming birds, flowers, perfume, and other things. Some of these presents were very costly, revealing the romantic character of many Australian men.

It is an interesting phenomenon that men in Australia are more likely to be romantic and purchase cards than women, who are more likely to purchase a present instead. Traditionally, flowers and cards are purchased still more often by men, rather than women. A romantic dinner or intimate gathering among friends may also be held. In modern times, electronic means are also used: email, text messages, and e-greeting cards. These are all sent to not only lovers, but also family members and close friends.

United Kingdom (UK)

This holiday is celebrated on February 14th in the UK. It is traditional to send chocolates, flowers, cards, and other gifts to those on cares for, lovers, family members, friends, and others. (More)

Wales

Valentine’s Day is celebrated on January 25th instead of or as well as on February 14th in Wales. Many people celebrate Dydd Santes Dwynwen (St. Dwynwen’s Day), which commemorates the patron saint of Welsh lovers. (More)

France

This holiday is celebrated in much the same manner as in other Western countries in this traditionally Catholic country, where the holiday is known as “Saint Valentin.”

The first Valentine’s Day card is supposed to have been sent from the Tower of London by Charles, the Duke of Orleans, along with poems and other love letters, to his wife from his prison cell in the Tower of London after being captured by the British at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. Hence, we have the tradition of the Valentine’s Day card and the recognition of the romantic nature of the French.

In the past there was a tradition, now illegal, the une loterie d’amour, because its practice had some consequences that were uncontrollable. During this time, single men and women would enter houses that faced opposite each other and call to one another until they had paired off. If a man was not happy with his chosen partner, he would simply leave the unwanted match for another woman. After the pairing off was completed, women, who were left single, built a huge ceremonial bonfire in the village square and burned images of the men who had hurt them. During this ritual, the women would also yell abusive remarks and swear at these men. For this reason, which often got out of control, this custom was banned.

Today, it is a time for romance and appreciation of lovers, family, and others. Gifts are exchanged, with dinners also being arranged. It is a time for the commemoration of the true spirit of love in the world.

Spain

With its beautiful beaches, picturesque countryside, and variations of romantic music, Spain is justly renowned as a romantic country. It is not to be matched for its festive ardor, joyousness, or festivities anywhere else in the world. The holiday is known as “St. Valentin” and is celebrated much the same as in the UK, although in Catalonia, it is superceded by similar festivals of roses and/or books being given on La Diada de Sant Jordi (St. George’s Day).

People in the shops purchase clothing for men and women on this day. They give those important to them red roses or tulips, gift baskets, etc. Women receive greeting cards, which are intensely romantic, perfume, photographs, chocolates, and other things, also jewelry, as well as modern electronic gadgets, etc. Couples may make romantic trips. They will also have candlelight dinners. It is a high time for love and romance.

Denmark and Norway

Celebrated on February 14th, it is known as Valentinsdag. It is not a large celebration, being mainly imported from the Americans, and celebrated as such with people taking time for a romantic dinner with their partners, sending a card to a secret love, or presenting a red rose to their partner.

Sweden

It is called Alla hjärtans dag (All Heart’s Day) and launched by the flower industry in the 1960’s for commercial purposes, following the American tradition. It is not an official holiday, but recognized for the sales of cosmetics and flowers purchased for this holiday, exceeded only by Mother’s Day.

Finland

Celebrated on February 14th, it is called Ystävänpäivä, meaning Friend’s Day.” This is more of a day about remembering all your friends, not only loved ones.

Estonia

Celebrated on February 14th, Valentine’s Day is called Sõbrapäev, which also means Friend’s Day, as well. It is also a day of remembering all one’s friends, not only loved ones.

Slovenia

There is a proverb that says that “St. Valentine brings the keys of roots,” February 14th being the start of the growing season for plants and flowers. It is celebrated as the first day of work in the fields and the vineyards begins. It is also noted that birds propose to each other and marry on this day. Only very recently has this begun to be celebrated as the day of love.

Traditionally, on March 12th is the day of St. Gregory’s Day. The proverb says “Valentin—previ sponmladin” (“Valentine—the first saint of spring”), as in places like White Carnoila, where St. Valentine always marks the beginning of spring.

Romania

The traditional holiday for lovers in Romania is called Dragobete, which is celebrated on February 24th. It is named after a character in Romanian folklore, and supposed to be the son of Baba Docia. The word drag means dear, and the word dragoste means love. Hence, the Celebration of Dear Love.

Recently, Valentine’s Day has also been celebrated on February 14th, due to the influence of American culture. It is decidedly more festive, so one can understand why young people enjoy this informal holiday more. However, it is frowned on by the traditionalists as being only superficial and for commercial purposes only.

Greece and Cyprus

Valentine’s Day is celebrated on February 14th in Greece and Cyprus. It is called Hҷἑpa rov Ayἱov Ba, meaning St. Valentine’s Day. In reality, in the Orthodox Church, there is another Saint to protect the people in love, but for the Greeks, Valentine’s Day is far more popular. Greece is the home of the legend of goddess, Aphrodite, the goddess of beauty, love, and lust. Her son was Cupid, the mischievous winged child whose arrow pierces the heart, still influencing Greek men to either propose or marry their girlfriends on this day.

In the past, this was considered a day to forgive and forget in Greece, especially romantic indiscretions. It is said that on this date, the sacred marriage of King Zeus and Queen Hara took place, hence its celebration. However, King Zeus was well known for his infidelities, which Queen Hara always forgave. This reason for celebration has passed as times have changed.

In modern Greece today, young men and women spend the day indulging in their feelings of love together. This may also include a candlelit dinner later in the day accompanied or followed by a movie that they both want to see. It is the quality time together that makes the day what it is.

Women are presented with red rose bouquets, chocolates, soft toys, and diamond and platinum chains as tokens of affection by the men. Perfumes are also given as women like to smell fresh, Greek men thinking that these perfumes will further express their love for their beloveds. Today, women also prefer to receive accessories such as designer shoes, watches, jackets, or expensive bags. They also will not object if their lover arranges a candlelight dinner for them or a ticket to a desired movie.

Women often give their men electronic gadgets, books, goggles, watches, or love bracelets. They may also prepare a gift basket containing homemade cookies, a photograph of themselves, and other small expensive items.


Latin American Countries

Valentine’s Day is known by many different names in the Latin American countries even though it is celebrated similarly as in the United States. It is commonly known as “Dia del Amor y la Amistad” (“Day of Love and Friendship”), in Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and other countries. People often perform “acts of appreciation” for their friends.

In most of South America, the “Dia del amor y la amistad” and the “Amigo secreto” (“Secret friend”) are quite popular and usually celebrated together on the 14th of February (with the exception of Colombia, where it is celebrated every third Saturday of September). In “Amigo secreto”, each participant is randomly assigned to a recipient, who is to be given an anonymous gift (similar to the traditional during Christmastime of the Secret Santa.

Brazil

In Brazil, the Dia dos Namorados (“Lovers’ Day” or “Boyfriends’/Girlfriends’ Day”) is celebrated on June 12 because it is the day before the Festa Junina (St. Anthony’s Day), known as the marriage saint, when traditionally many single women perform popular rituals, called simpatias, in order to find a good husband or boyfriend. Couples exchange gifts, flowers, cards, and flowers.

The February 14th Valentine’s Day is not celebrated at all here due to cultural and commercial reasons, since it falls too little before or after Carnival. This celebration can fall anywhere from early February to early March.

Cuba

Valentine’s Day in Cuba is a festive and romantic time for all. Cuba has always been associated with love and soul-consuming romance. Although initially observed to honor the early Christian martyrs, it is a thoroughly modern holiday today. People profess their undying love for their sweethearts and partners on February 14th. This is also the time to express one’s feelings of love for friend, family, and acquaintences.

Homes, shops, and restaurants are decorated lavishly for the occasion. Get-togethers and elaborate family dinners are prepared. There are endless parties and organized balls on this day. The restaurants provide special festive dinners, complete with romantic music and also dancing, a part of Cuban culture. The bars and discos also participate, giving the revelers the chance to have fun and to party until they have no energy left.

Lavish presents are given to loved ones—sweethearts, spouses, and family members alike. Lovers present their amore with roses or other flowers in the colors in their favorite colors as a traditional custom. Other gifts are presented as well, equally as special. No one is left out of this celebration. They say that in Cuba, people are reborn on this day with the infusion of love.

East Asia

Valentine’s Day is celebrated in many East Asian countries of the world. This is not a traditional celebration, but brought about by Western influence. It is commercial holiday and one based on the modern concept of love and romance.

South Korea

On February 14th, South Korean women give chocolates to men, and men give non-chocolate candy to women on March 14th, White Day. On April 14th, those who did not receive anything on the two prior celebration days, go to a Chinese restaurant to eat black noodles (jajangmyeon) and to mourn their single life. The Koreans also celebrate Pepero Day on November 11th, when young couples give each other Pepero cookies. The date ‘11/11’ is supposed to resemble the long shape of the cookie. The 14th day of each month in South Korea marks a love-related day, although most are rather obscure. From January to December, on each 14th day, one can find: Candle Day, Valentine’s Day, White Day, Black Day, Rose Day, Kiss Day, Silver Day, Green Day, Music Day, Wine Day, Movie Day, and Hug Day. Korean women are known to give a large amount of chocolate to the men on that day.

Singapore

Singaporeans celebrate the holiday in much the same manner as those in the US. American influence has made this day popular. On the 14th of February, women give their lovers gifts of chocolate. On March 14th, the men reciprocate with gifts for the women. Once again, April 14th is a day of mourning for the single people, who eat black noodles.

Taiwan

In Taiwan, men give gifts to women on Valentine’s Day. They usually include flowers, cards, and other extravagances. Women return this favor on White Day, March 14th. April 15th is a day of mourning and dining out, eating black noodles on this day as well.

The Philippines

In the Philippines, Valentine’s Day is called “Awar ng mga Puso” or “Hearts Day.” There is no protocol as to who gives who gifts. Flowers are a frequent gift to one’s lover.

Japan

Valentine’s Day was introduced for the first time in 1936, aiming to extract revenue for the foreigners residing in Japan at the time. Morozoff Ltd. Began producing special chocolate candies for purchase for one’s lovers in attractive boxes. In 1953, Morozoff Ltd. Introduced heart-shaped chocolates, with other confectioners following suit. In 1958, the Isetan Department Store ran a special sale for Valentine’s Day. This was once again copied by others. These commercial campaigns have continued, making this a more impressive commercial holiday time today and one of the busiest seasons of the year.

There is a custom that only women give chocolates to men on February 14th. In particular, office ladies give chocolates to their co-workers. Gifts such as greeting cards, candies, flowers, or dinner dates are rare, and the most important consideration is that the right amount of chocolates be given to each person. It is a big money making time for the chocolate confectioners in Japan. Many women feel obliged to give chocolates to all male co-workers, except when the day falls on a Sunday or a holiday. This custom is known as giri-choko, obligation to give chocolates, with the unpopular co-workers receiving only cheap chocolates, this being called chō-giri choko. Those co-workers the women like are given hnmei-choko, favored chocolate, or chocolates given to loved ones. Friends, especially amongst girls or women friends, may exchange chocolate referred to as tomo-choko, which means friend in Japanese.

The Japanese National Confectionary Industry Association launched a successful campaign in the 1980’s, making March 14th a “reply day.” Men were expected to return the favor to those who gave them chocolates on Valentine’s Day, calling it White Day, for the color of the chocolates offered. Men are expected to return gifts that are at least double or triple the value of the gift received during Valentine’s Day. This is an important custom fraught with symbolism It puts the man in a position of superiority. Returning a gift with one of equal value means that he is cutting off the relationship. Originally, only chocolates were offered; but presently, the gifts may include almost anything-jewelry, accessories, clothing, or lingerie. The color white was chosen because it is the color of purity, evoking “pure, sweet love,” and because it is also the color of sugar. The initial name chose was “Ai ni Kotaneru White Day”, or “Answer Love on White Day.”

In Japan, the romantic “date night” associated with Valentine’s Day is celebrated on Christmas Eve.

The Japanese thoroughly embrace the holiday and its customs. There is much made of it, even with much presence of love songs heard everywhere. There is also a traditional celebration of love.

On July 7th of the Georgian calendar, a celebration of Tanabata takes place. (Look up.)

China

In recent years, with the influence of Western Culture, Valentine’s Day is very popular with the young people and others. It is an occasion to express one’s feelings of love for another- lover, family members, or friends. It is primarily a commercial holiday, with much money being made by the merchants.

In China, the man usually gives chocolates, flowers, or both to the woman he loves on February 14th. Young people have become very inventive as to how to express their love for each other. However, China does have its own traditional love holiday, which is very important.

The traditional holiday for celebrating love is Qixi Festival, which is celebrated on the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar. It commemorates the one day of the year when the Cowherder Star and the Weaving Maid Star are allowed to be together, separated by the Milky Way (silvery river). It is a beautiful story of everlasting love, enduring forever despite separation.

India

In ancient India, there was a tradition of adoring Kamadeva, the Lord of Love, seen still in the erotic carvings in the Khojuraho Group of Monuments and by the writing of the Kamasutra, the book of lovemaking with explicit instructions and explanations for a couple to have a satisfying sexual relation, still used today by many. The celebration of this seemed to disappear over time until 1992, when the clever companies sponsoring special television and radio programs, love letter writing competitions, and other things, making the holiday popular with many since that time.

One must know that although modern times, Hindu and Islamic traditionalists consider this holiday to be a cultural contamination from the Western World, with their leaders asking their followers to shun this celebration and the “public admission of love” as this is alien to Indian culture. It is seen as a front for Western imperialism, neocolonialism, and the exploitation of the working classes through commercialism by multicultural corporations. This holiday does indeed promote and exacerbate income inequality in India and aids in the creation of a pseudo-westernized middle class. It brings attention to the class differences and the lack of ability of the young of the poor to partake in this holiday.

However, even with these walls, Valentine’s Day has gained in popularity over the years, especially with the young people. More and more young people participate in this celebration as time passes and with the changes in the world.

Middle East

Egypt

In Egypt, Egyptians celebrate Valentine’s Day on February 14th for those who are non-Muslim and Coptic Christians. It celebrates the indigenous Eid el-Hob e- Masri (Egyptian Love Day) on November 4th, buying flowers and gifts for their lovers and others.

Israel and Jews around the World

According to Jewish tradition, the 15th day of the month of Av-Tu B’Av (normally in late August) is the time for the festival of love. In ancient times, girls would wear white dresses and dance in the vineyards, where the boys would be waiting for them. (Mishna Taanith, end of Chapter 4) In modern Israeli culture, this is a popular day to pronounce one’s love, to propose marriage, or to give gifts like cards or flowers.
Conflict with Islamic Countries and Political Parties

Saudi Arabia

In 2002 and 2008, the religious police of Saudi Arabia banned the sale of all Valentine’s Day items, ordering shop owners to remove any red items, as the day is considered a Christian holiday. This edict tended to backfire with the creation of a black market of roses and wrapping paper. Perhaps a more tolerant attitude of allowing the celebration to continue, while stressing aspects of Islam, would have worked better.

Pakistan

The Jamaat-e-Islamic political party of Pakistan has called for a total banning of the holiday on the basis that this is a corrupting of moral Islamic values. Many have ignored this edict, since this a fruitful commercial time, many types of flowers, roses especially, being sold. Again, another way could be found while preserving the culture.

Iran

In Iran, the Sepandarmamazgan, or Esfandegan, is an ancient traditional celebration of love, friendship, and the Earth. Affection for others is shown and gifts are given to those one loves. Times have caused this ancient tradition to fade, with St. Valentine’s Day being more popular. It is celebrated in much the Western fashion on the same day as in the West. However, there is a great effort underway so that the Iranians do not forget their own traditions.

During the first part of the 21st Century, the celebration has been harshly criticized and condemned as being opposed to Islamic culture. In 2011, the Iranian printing works owners issued a directive banning the printing an distribution of any goods promoting the holiday, including cards, gifts, and teddy bears. “Printing and producing any goods related to this day including posters, boxes and cards with hearts or half hearts, red roses, as well as the promotion of any activities this day are banned…Outlets that violate this decree will be legally dealt with,” the union warned. This is serious business not to be taken lightly in any Arab country. They mean what they say and will mete out extremely harsh and cruel punishments. One has to understand, however, that preservation of the culture is of the utmost importance here.

Malaysia

Islamic officials in Malaysia warned all Muslims against celebrating Valentine’s Day, linking it with vice activities. The Deputy Prime Minister stated that the celebration of romantic love was not suitable for Muslims. The Leader of the Malaysian Islamic Development Department (Jakim), which overseas the country’s policies stated that a fatwa, or ruling, had been issued by the top clerics and that in 2005, noted the day ‘is associated with elements of Christianity, forbidden by Muslims. He also stated that they could not get involved with the other religion’s worshipping rituals. Jakim officials planned to carry out a nationwide campaign called “Awas Jerat Valentine’s Day” (“Mind the Valentine’s Day Trap”), aiming at preventing Muslims from celebrating the day on February 14, 2011. They conducted raids in hotels to stop young couples from having unlawful sex and distributed leaflets to Muslim university students warning them against the day.

On Valentine’s Day 2011, Malaysian religious authorities arrested more than 100 Muslim couples concerning the celebration of the ban. Some of them were charged in the Shariah Court for defying the department’s ban against the celebration of Valentine’s Day.

Symbols

Cupid


Cupid with His Bow and Arrows
Cupid is a winged, mischievous small angel who pierces the hearts of his victims with his bow and arrows. The Greeks called him Eros; but to the Romans, he was known as Cupid, meaning the son of Venus, the goddess of love. He is believed to be responsible for people falling in love.

The Heart


Two hearts pierced through with love’s arrow holding them together fast.
www.webweaver.nu/clipart/valentines/hearts3.shtml


The heart-shape totally symbolizes love, especially for a romantic person. The heart symbolizes life; and if one gives his or her heart to another, it means to hand over to his or her one’s entire life and existence. A heart pierced with an arrow forms the most important symbol of Valentine’s Day.

Roses


www.webweaver.nu/clipart/valentines/hearts.shtml

Roses have always been important and a favorite with lovers worldwide. Roses symbolize love, compassion, peace, friendship, and romance. They come in many colors, each having a different meaning. Red roses mean passion. Yellow roses mean friendship. White roses mean true love and devotion. Black roses mean death. Remember this when you buy them for someone.

Ribbons and Frills

Ribbons and frills, such as lace, are synonymous with love and romance. They were given to the kings and knights by their beloved ones when they went out to battle. Ribbons and frills are still used in romantic greeting cards and packaging of products on such occasions. Even to this day, the ribbon forms an integral part of any auspicious occasion.

Love Birds and Doves


Vintage valentine card depicting a woman sending her dove off with a letter for her lover.
www.webweaver.nu/clipart/valentines/vintage-cards.shtml

The belief that birds find their mates on this special day still continues today. The blue-colored birds (name of species) best signify this belief. It is said that lovebirds are incapable of thinking of life without their mates. Doves, on the other hand, signify purity, humbleness with purity, and purity with wholesomeness.

Love Knots





The Love Knot
http://stvalentinesday.org/love-knots.html




The love knot represents a love that will last forever. It is a series of winding and intertwining loops that have neither a beginning nor an end. The custom of sending love knots is traced back to the Arabic traditions where young Muslim women in traditional and orthodox households expressed their love and affection by weaving love knots, containing secret messages, out of carpet threads. Their lovers would read the message by turning the knot around and around. This custom still exists today.

Chocolates and Other Candies



Candy Hearts in a Holiday Container
http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F

Chocolates play a huge part of Valentine’s Day traditions. They are exchanged by a couple and also among friends and colleagues. Valentine Day chocolates are created in both dark and white chocolate in all shapes and sizes. The dark chocolates are sent to men by women, and the white ones are sent to women to men. They also come in different chocolate quality, the better, more expensive ones for those one loves, the cheaper ones for obligatory exchange only. Hershey’s Kisses are very popular and a mainstay for this celebration.

People also give other types of candies to sweethearts and others, especially children. I can remember a type of candy hearts, that are very small and in a heart shape of may different colors. Each heart had a simple Valentine’s wish on it. Red jelly-type heart-shaped candies are also popular this time of year.


Valentine’s Day Greeting Cards









An antique valentine with the classic elements of doves, roses, and lace.
www.hillstockimages.com/valentines-romance-love-cupids.htm

A valentine is almost a must on this day. A Valentine’s Day card is one that contains the classic elements of a love letter of variations for one’s lover, family, or all people one knows, even for appreciation of friendship or something done for them during the past year. In the past, valentines used to be homemade and very elaborate, using “scrap” ribbons, lace, beads, or whatever one wishes to make this a very specially decorated card, often saved for years, especially those for lovers. Many children still make valentines for their parents and classmates in schools today to promote learning how to appreciate each other always.

Today, people also send valentines in other forms. Many prefer to use an e-mail, an e-card, or a message to another’s mobile telephone. They are more convenient, but they will never replace the valentine that is handmade for someone or one commercially purchased and carefully chosen for the recipient.

It is interesting, according to studies, that the purchase of valentine cards is the second largest card-sending holiday of the year, next to Christmas; and 85% of all valentines are purchased by women.

Valentine’s Day Teddy Bears



Valentine’s Day Teddy Bear with a Basket of Red Roses
www.free.bigstockphotos.com

One of the most popular gifts for this occasion is the teddy bear. It can be of any size and presented alone. However, a card should be included with the bear or some small gift, chocolates, or holding small flowers. People of all ages love to receive plush, soft furry teddy bears decorated especially for Valentine’s Day with large shiny eyes and ribbons and lace.

References:

http://stvalentinesday.org/love-knots.html
www.free.bigstockphotos.com

www.hillstockimages.com/valentines-romance-love-cupids.htm

http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F

www.webweaver.nu/clipart/valentines/hearts3.shtm

www.webweaver.nu/clipart/valentines/hearts.shtml

www.webweaver.nu/clipart/valentines/vintage-cards.shtml

http://www.history.com/topics/valentines-day

http://ezine.com/?Valentines-Day&id=941297

http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/canada/valentines-day

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentines-Day
http://www.everythingvalentinesday.com/around-the-world